The Republic of Chad is a country in Central Africa. Libya to the North, Niger to the west, Cameroon to the southwest, the Central African Republic to the South, and Sudan to the east border the country. Chad is a dry and desert country and hence sometimes called “Dead Heart of Africa”. Chad is alienated into three geographical zones: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the center and a more fertile Sudanian savanna zone in the south. The Lake Chad is the second largest lake in Africa. The Emi Koussi in Sahara is the highest peak. Over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups live here together.

The human races started approaching in present day Chad in 7th millennium BC. Many empires rose and fell in Chad's Sahelian strip by the end of 1st millennium BC. French took control of Chad in 1920. Chad regained freedom from France in 1960, till then it was part of France's African holdings.

Chad is a Republic; the President of Chad is head of the state. The President appoints the prime minister and other cabinet ministers. President also plays active role in appointment of judges, generals, provincial officials and heads of Chad's para - statal firm. President has the power to impose emergency if required. The legal system in Chad is based on French civil law and Chadian customary law; however, the later never interfere with public order or constitutional guarantees of equality. The Chad's National Assembly is responsible for making legislation. The administration in Chad is divided into 18 regions. These regions are-

1. Batha
2. Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti
3. Chari-Baguirmi
4. Guéra
5. Hadjer-Lamis
6. Kanem
7. Lac
8. Logone Occidental
9. Logone Oriental
10. Mandoul
11. Mayo-Kebbi Est
12. Mayo-Kebbi Ouest
13. Moyen-Chari
14. Ouaddaï
15. Salamat
16. Tandjilé
17. Wadi Fira
18. N'Djamena

The intertropical front is a tropical weather system that brought rain to Chad every year. There are major variations in rainfall in different parts of Chad. Major rivers in Chad are the Chari, Logone and their tributaries, which flow through the southern savannas from the southeast into Lake Chad.

The people in Chad do farming and cattle breeding for living. In the southern region land is fertile, sorghum and millet are grown in abundance. The Sahel region is ideal for cattle breeding like goats, sheep, horses and donkeys. The Sahara's scattered oases support only some dates and legumes. Cotton was primary export material before the development of oil industry.

Chad is ranked fifth poorest country in the world on United Nations' Human Development Index. More than 80% people in Chad live below poverty line. Years of violence and civil war have scared foreign investors and many left the country between 1979 and 1982. With the passage of time and as Chad's economic and political scenario started strengthening many foreign investors again started showing interest in Chad. In the year 2000, major direct foreign investment in the oil sector started again which are boosting the economic prospect.